In this stunning, thoroughly absorbing book, the writer and art critic Laura Cumming weaves together three intimately connected strands in the most captivating of ways. Firstly, we have the life and work of the 17th-century Dutch artist Carel Fabritius, probably best known as the painter of The Goldfinch, which is featured in Donna Tartt’s novel of the same name. Secondly, there are snapshots of the life and work of her artist father, James Cumming, who died in his sixties – a death precipitated by his failing sight. And thirdly, a series of reflections on the golden age of Dutch art, alighting on some of the most remarkable artists and artworks of the period. It’s an utterly captivating book, beautifully written and immaculately researched – like a love letter to the transcendent power of art to move us both emotionally and intellectually. I adored this one and feel sure it will reappear in my 2024 highlights.
Born in the village of Middenbeemster in 1622, Carel Fabritius studied art under Rembrandt in his Amsterdam studio at some point in the 1640s. He married young to a woman from a wealthy family, and children, coupled with tragedy, followed swiftly. Just like the existence and fate of his art, much of Fabritius’ life remains a mystery. A few key details have been gleaned from registers of births, marriages and deaths, but his time and potential output (prior to a move to Delft in the 1650s) remain sketchy at best. Barely a dozen surviving paintings have been officially attributed to Carel Fabritius – his brother Barent, also an artist, was more prolific but much less talented.
Carel Fabritius’ paintings are suffused with the sorrows and losses he endured during his short life. The untimely death of his first wife in childbirth (or shortly afterwards) and the death of the couple’s three children almost certainly left the artist devastated and depressed. His pictures speak of solitude and isolation, of withdrawal from life following this terrible period of loss so early in his twenties. Even his most famous subject, The Goldfinch, is alone, tethered to its perch by a delicate binding chain.
The beauty of the painting is in equal tension with its almost unbearable poignancy: the captive bird so enigmatic, a mortal being made apparent to us for all time yet forever imprisoned by the chain (and the picture frame). There is not another painting like it. (p. 201)
Cumming writes beautifully about Fabritius’ artworks, from the mysterious A View of Delft (an early touchstone for the writer), to the extraordinary, enigmatic The Sentry, a painting that seems not only outside of time but ahead of its period.
Dutch painters lived fragile lives, unpredictable and prone to fluctuations. Fabritius and his contemporaries were almost constantly in debt, hovering on the edge of destitution, often relying on the generosity of patrons, sometimes having to sell their works for less than their true value to provide for their families. Frans Hals was at the mercy of the bailiffs; even Vermeer earned little during his lifetime leaving his wife in debt. Like Fabritius, some of these painters endured terrible personal losses – Rembrandt is a notable example here, also losing his wife and three children tragically before their time. But somehow, these artists managed to cut through their inner sorrows, channelling their energies into some of the world’s finest art.
Even now, many artists struggle to make a living solely from their craft. Cumming thoughtfully argues the case for our need to value art at its true worth, to recognise what it costs to create and to reward this creativity accordingly.
The fragility of life is a key theme in the book, rippling through each of the threads like a portent warning. There are parallels to be drawn between Fabritius and Laura’s father, James Cumming – both men were artists who died before their time, cruelly depriving the world of the works they planned to create.
Cumming writes lovingly of her father’s dedication to art, his lifelong passion and reason for being. A travelling scholarship from the Edinburgh College of Art proved pivotal to James Cumming’s early development as an artist, enabling him to live, teach and create on the island of Lewis, where he captured the island’s culture in his striking paintings. This immersion in the world of Lewis became an invaluable source of inspiration for Cumming, influencing his artworks in the years following the visit. The Brahan Seer, one of the key paintings from this Lewis period, captures the islanders’ gifts for foresight, their ability to see and predict the future in uncannily prescient ways.
He is of the landscape, one with it, made of the island itself. […] The painting glows, the figure shines, as if surrounded by St Elmo’s fire, the great boots grow from the rocky shore. (p. 98)
(Last seen at a show in the 1960s, the painting has now disappeared from view, living a life of its own in some unknown location, tantalisingly out of the author’s reach.)
Years later, when Laura and her brother were youngsters, a family trip to the Netherlands marked another crucial period for James Cumming, granting him the opportunity to study the Dutch artworks he so clearly revered.
When they married in 1953, Laura’s parents had little money. Her father taught at public evening classes, and her mother worked at a private school near Edinburgh until Laura and her brother came along. As the family’s diaries show, the little income they earned was rarely enough, the fortuitous sale of two paintings to a passing American proving crucial just when the Cummings’ money had run out.
The author’s description of her father’s final years, his sight failing due to the rapid spread of cancer from his lungs to his brain, is almost unbearably moving to read. A loving, heartfelt tribute to a life painfully cut short.
Alongside these threads, Thunderclap is also a love letter to 17th-century Dutch art, a paean to the beauty and dignity of these luminous artworks and their magical creators.
The sense of order and beauty is death-defying, to me; their energy resurgent. Dutch art is a buoyant ship, a rising wave, a soaring tree, dazzling blue ice; unexpected conversation in a parlour, the echo of light around a whitewashed church, the luminous apricot and the departing soldier, the complexity and strangeness of the world. It is Rembrandt in the night and Fabritius in the shadows. Dutch art: so familiar and yet so unfathomable. (p. 154)
Cumming writes beautifully of Pieter de Hooch’s graceful artworks, many of which seem to feature doorways, windows and apertures, encouraging us to glimpse the scenes unfolding inside – often featuring women absorbed in their daily rituals, which they conduct with great dignity and care. Meindert Hobbema’s The Avenue at Middelharnis is another touchstone for the author, a remarkable painting unlike any other from that time.
Cumming also makes a passionate case for the beauty and value of still life, a specialism often unfairly maligned compared to portraits, landscapes and narrative paintings in the hierarchy of artworks. Exquisite still lifes by artists such as Adriaen Coorte, Rachel Ruysch and Maria van Oosterwijck are cited as crucial examples here. Coorte’s artworks are extraordinary, like beautifully lit revelations, the ‘light striking out of darkness’ to wonderful effect.
An apricot lingers unnervingly close to the edge. Blackcurrants roll towards it in a darkening tide. Copper-coloured medlars dangle like Christmas decorations from a branch suspended by some unseen hand, while a dragonfly looks up, startled. Coorte’s art is a high wire, performance of tension and magic. (p. 141)
Also under challenge is the misguided notion that Dutch artists merely replicate the images they see before their eyes – a view that Cumming passionately disagrees with. Take Jacob van Ruisdael, for instance, ‘a master of the unexpected’. Imagination plays a role in this artist’s paintings, creating scenes that feel both faithful and real yet also part imaginary. Van Ruisdael’s first landscape – painted at eighteen – is a remarkably textured piece of work, a ‘thrilling play-off between light and dark’.
A dense, black mass of houses, trees and mills blocks out the setting sun on the right, which suffuses the left of the picture with opalescent radiance. Flakes of gold light glimmer through the leaves. Water lies in bright traces on the darkening fields and, in the murky foreground, a second mother-of-pearl sky appears, reflected and miniaturised bright in a pond. Two figures hurry home before night descends. It is always later than you think. (p. 66)
No other writer conveys art quite as inspiringly as Laura Cumming. Her descriptions sing with intelligence, grace, insight and beauty, inviting us to seek out these artworks to study them ourselves. Fans of the art critic’s columns in The Observer will find much to appreciate here.
This is a book about looking, not only at art but also at life itself. It’s about ways of seeing – contemplating and imagining the various rituals depicted in these artworks and the stories they tell. Art enhances our ability to look, ‘gives us other eyes to see with’ and other perspectives to view. It broadens our outlook and widens our world, prompting meaningful connections that enrich our lives. Cumming’s prose style is intimate, poetic and energising, inspiring us to reflect on art’s place in our lives.
As this marvellous book draws to a close, we home in on the cause of Fabritius’ tragic death, the Thunderclap of the title. Alongside many others in the city that day, Fabritius perished in the enormous explosion in Delft in 1654 when a large stockpile of explosives, dangerously stored in a city cellar, accidentally blew up. The exact cause of the blast was never determined – possibly a metal spark or a carelessly placed lantern – but many lost their lives as buildings collapsed and the fires took hold. Fabrituis was pulled from the wreckage six hours after the blast and removed to a makeshift infirmary nearby, only to die later the same day. In a poignant final chapter, Cumming wonders about his final hours, whether he realised what had happened and what, if anything, was flitting through his mind.
When I think of Fabritius lying in the devastation of his house, I wonder if he had the capacity to understand what had happened in that deafening flash or how injured he was. Or did he just have unspent hope; did he wait for the rescue, believing in nothing but his continued existence, patient, incredulous, unimploring. (p. 254)
It’s a deeply moving finish, rounded off by a crucial finding about The Goldfinch and its whereabouts that fateful day. If you have any interest in art (especially Dutch art) and its relationship to life, this sublime, inspiring book is for you.
Thunderclap is published by Chatto & Windus; personal copy.